Far more respected than witches were Cunning folk. They could be men or women. Cunning is derived from an old word meaning “knowing”. This was a person sought out for their knowledge of folk remedies. They did not have the negative associations of witches, but occasionally cautionary tales were told that if you crossed them they could bewitch you. This is particularly said of cunning women. Some cunning men have left instruction manuals behind which show a range of folk remedies, a few talismans, and sometimes grimoire magic / high magic. Grimoire magic, however, is often forgotten when people think of Cunning folk.
Cunning folk are commonly associated with potions for healing and their books suggest they would chant psalms over them to activate the power of their potions.
Cunning folk existed through Christian rule and while they had folk remedies, there is no evidence of pagan worship.
See also other types of Magical Practitioner.
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